What is a semi-truck?

A semi-truck refers to a transport combination categorized as a type of truck. It consists of a tractor unit at the front and a semi-trailer at the back, both of which are interdependent. The tractor unit is self-powered and drivable on its own, while the trailer serves as the load-bearing component. In Germany, the total permitted weight of a semi-truck can reach up to 40 tons, or even 44 tons in certain cases. In countries like the United States, the maximum weight can be as high as 60 tons.

Semi-trucks are mainly used in long-haul logistics. Due to their length of up to 16.5 meters, they are less maneuverable than other types of transport vehicles. Special models, such as the EuroCombi, can reach lengths of up to 25 meters, which excludes them from regular road use outside highways.

The advantages of semi-trucks include the flexibility to change trailers at any time, saving significant time during loading and unloading. They also offer an ideal transport surface for long goods like steel bars. Compared to road trains with multiple trailers, semi-trucks offer greater maneuverability in reverse and have a lower unladen weight.

Among the disadvantages is the issue of driving behavior, especially when the trailer is empty, which increases susceptibility to crosswinds. In adverse weather conditions, there’s also a risk of the trailer’s rear axle slipping or losing grip. Another notable drawback is the limited maneuverability in forward motion, particularly in narrow spaces or urban environments.