What is a waybill used for?

A waybill is a document accompanying goods in transit. It outlines transport details and serves as a contract confirmation (§409 HGB) between involved parties.

Typical contents include:

• Sender and recipient details
• Issue and delivery date
• Shipment details (weight, quantity, item types)
• Mode of transport
• Payment terms
• Customs declarations

Three signed originals are usually created—one each for the carrier, shipper, and the shipment itself.
The carrier may refuse transport if no waybill is provided, unless otherwise agreed.

The waybill has existed since the 14th century, originally for inland shipping and later expanded to rail, air, and sea transport. Today, it’s not mandatory, as other documents like delivery notes and load lists are accepted as alternatives.