What means industry 4.0?

The first industrial revolution began in the late 18th century with the invention of the steam engine, enabling mechanical production using water and steam power.

The second industrial revolution started in the early 20th century with widespread electricity use, leading to assembly line production and a dramatic reduction in manufacturing costs, such as halving the price of a car.

The third industrial revolution began in the 1970s with the rise of computers. Information and communication technologies (ICT) began to automate and optimize production processes.

The fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, is characterized by the Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent networking within the value chain using cyber-physical systems (CPS).

A cyber-physical system connects real (physical) objects and processes with virtual (digital) components in globally linked networks, creating real-time communication and automation capabilities.